Genetik hastalardan nasıl kurtuluruz?
How is gene editing done? Gene editing is a technique that allows scientists to make precise changes to an organism’s DNA.
There are several methods for gene editing, but one of the most commonly used is the CRISPR/Cas9 system. Here is an overview of the CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing process:
Design guide RNA (gRNA): The first step is to design a small piece of RNA called a guide RNA (gRNA). This RNA molecule is designed to match the target DNA sequence that the scientist wants to modify.
Delivery of Cas9 protein and gRNA: The next step is to deliver the Cas9 protein and the gRNA to the cells. This can be done in a variety of ways, including using a virus or using electroporation to introduce the Cas9 protein and gRNA directly into the cells.
Formation of a Cas9-gRNA complex: Once the Cas9 protein and gRNA are inside the cell, they form a complex. The gRNA directs the Cas9 protein to the target DNA sequence.
Cas9 cleavage of target DNA: The Cas9 protein acts like a pair of molecular scissors, cutting the DNA at the target site. This creates a break in the DNA.
Repair of the DNA: The cell’s DNA repair machinery then repairs the break in one of two ways: non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) or homology-directed repair (HDR). NHEJ often introduces small insertions or deletions (indels) at the break site, which can disrupt the function of the gene. HDR can be used to introduce specific changes to the DNA sequence by providing a DNA template with the desired changes.
